Import

Cryolite is a mineral, sodium aluminum fluoride, Na3 AlF 6, occurring in white masses, used as a flux in the electrolytic productionof aluminum.

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Alumina is reduced to metallic aluminum in an electrolytic cell called a "pot", which is made up of two main parts - one serves as the anode or positive electrode of the cell, and the other, as the cathode or negative electrode. The anode consists of a block of carbon formed by baking coke and pitch, while the cathode is found in the carbon lining of a large steel container located under the anode. This lining is formed by baking metallurgical coke and pitch.

The space between the anode and the cathode is filled with an electrolytic bath of sodium aluminum fluoride, or cryolite. The electrolyte is heated to about 980°C, at which point it melts and the alumina is added and dissolved. An electric current is then passed through the mixture to split the alumina into molten aluminum metal at the cathode and carbon dioxide at the anode.

This Hall-Héroult process was invented in 1886 and has since been steadily improved. Currently, it takes about 2 tonnes of alumina to produce 1 tonne of aluminum metal.

Smelting consumes huge amounts of electricity because of the high temperatures that must be generated. Typically, the electrolysing current is delivered at a high amperage and on average, it takes almost 14,171 kwh of electricity to produce 1 kg of aluminum from alumina compared with XinRen's average of 13,727 kwh in 2009. In addition, the smelting process is continuous as the metal in the pots cannot be allowed to solidify. Not surprisingly, most plants around the world are located in areas where there is ample access to inexpensive energy.

A cathode block is a negative electrode and is used in the lining of aluminium reduction cells. A cathode block has the properties of superior electrical and thermal conductivity, high chemical and bulk stability, as well as high strength in electrolysis under high temperature. Sidewall blocks, ramming pastes, and special glues round out the cathode product portfolio, providing complete custom-made solutions to optimally fit the requirements in the aluminium smelter.

Compared with conventional amorphous carbon or graphitic blocks, our fully graphitized cathode block offers high thermal and electrical conductivity and higher resistance against thermal shock and contributes to energy savings, higher productivity, and longer pot life.

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Bath Material is also commonly referred to as Secondary Cryolite, Crushed Bath, Bath Cryolite, PureBath, Bath and tapped Bath Material. Surplus Bath Material is generated during the aluminium smelting process as a result of high Sodium (Na) content in the alumina.

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Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon. Ore is mined from natural deposits and concentrated by various techniques. It is separated from sand by electrostatic and electromagnetic methods.
Also, the compound can be made by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required. It is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes. In enamels and glazes it serves as an opacifier. It can be also present in some cements. Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding. Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors. 
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications. For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.[3] It is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of hyperkalemia 
Zirconium disilicate is used in some dental crowns because of its hardness and because it is chemically nonreactive.

Alumina, also called aluminum oxide, synthetically produced aluminum Oxide, Al_2O3, a white or nearly colorless crystalline substance that is used as a starting material for the Smelting of aluminum metal. It also serves as the raw material for a broad range of advanced ceramic products and as an active agent in chemical processing.

Alumina is made from bauxite, a naturally occurring ore containing variable amounts of hydrous (water-containing) aluminum oxides. Free Al₂O₃ occurs in nature as the mineral corundum and its gemstone forms, sapphire  and ruby; these can be produced synthetically from alumina and in fact are occasionally referred to as alumina, but the term is more properly limited to the material employed in aluminum metallurgy, industrial ceramics, and chemical processing.

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Sodium tripolyphosphate is an excellent cleaning agent and is used in detergent, ceramic tiles, water treatment, metal treatment and paints
This chemical is a white, solid powder. It does not produce any odor, but it does leave a slight alkaline taste when ingested. It is stable in the air and highly soluble in water. Sodium tripolyphosphate is typically referred to as STPP, which is how it appears on most labels. It is not very toxic and non-flammable.
One of the primary uses for STPP is as a water softener in many types of detergent. This helps to ensure that they work properly in hard water. Another primary purpose for STPP is to preserve a variety of food products, such as seafood, poultry, and animal feeds. It acts as an emulsifier as well as a way to maintain moisture in the meat. STPP is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the FDA.
Since this substance is stable and only slightly toxic, it does not need extra care and attention. It should be stored in a cool, dry area and kept sealed so that it doesn’t interact with anything in the air. It may create mild irritation of the skin or eyes, and it is only harmful if ingested in large quantities.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced in the following technical grades:

• Fine
• Granular (low density granular, medium density granular, high density granular)
• High temperature rise
• Medium temperature rise
• Low temperature rise

Prebaked Consumable Carbon Anodes are a specific type of  anode designed for aluminium smelting using the  Hall-Heroult process.

The properties of the anode are largely set during the baking process and must be carefully controlled to ensure an acceptable output efficiency and reduce the amount of undesirable byproduct produced. To that end, the aluminium smelting industry has settled on a range of acceptable values for commercial mass-produced anodes for the purpose of consistent, optimal performance.

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